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SRP170967
Homo sapiens
752 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) provides a dosage compensation mechanism where, in each female cell, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly silenced. However, some genes on the inactive X chromosome and outside the pseudoautosomal regions escape from XCI and are expressed from both alleles (escapees). We investigated XCI at single-cell resolution combining deep single cellRNA sequencing with whole-genome sequencing to examine allelic-specific expression in 935 primary fibroblast and 48 lymphoblastoid single cells from five female individuals. In this framework we integrated an original method to identify and exclude doublets of cells. In fibroblast cells, we have identified 55 genes as escapees including five novel escapee genes. Moreover, we observed that all genes exhibit a variable propensity to escape XCI in each cell and cell type and that each cell displays a distinct expression profile of the escapee genes. A metric, the Inactivation Score—defined as the mean of the allelic expression profiles of the escapees per cell—enables us to discover a heterogeneous and continuous degree of cellular XCI with extremes represented by “inactive” cells, i.e., cells exclusively expressing the escaping genes from the active X chromosome and “escaping” cells expressing the escapees from both alleles. We found that this effect is associated with cell-cycle phases and, independently, with the XIST expression level, which is higher in the quiescent phase (G0). Single-cell allele-specific expression is a powerful tool to identify novel escapees in different tissues and provide evidence of an unexpected cellular heterogeneity of XCI. Overall design: Single-cell RNA seq study on 935 human fibroblasts and 48 lymphoblastoid cells from 5 female individuals, in order to investigate the X chromosome nactivation mechanism on a single cell level and to identify escapee genes
Publication Title
Single cell transcriptome in aneuploidies reveals mechanisms of gene dosage imbalance.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 7 Downloadable Samples
- IlluminaHiSeq2000
Description
Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is the most common viable chromosomal disorder with intellectual impairment and several other developmental abnormalities. Here, we report the generation and characterization of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21 in order to eliminate the effects of the variability of genomic background. The alterations observed by genetic analysis at the iPSC level and at first approximation in early development illustrate the developmental disease transcriptional signature of Down syndrome. Moreover, we observed an abnormal neural differentiation of Down syndrome iPSCs in vivo when formed teratoma in NOD-SCID mice, and in vitro when differentiated into neuroprogenitors and neurons. These defects were associated with changes in the architecture and density of neurons, astroglial and oligodendroglial cells together with misexpression of genes involved in neurogenesis, lineage specification and differentiation. Furthermore, we provide novel evidence that dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) on chromosome 21 likely contribute to these defects. Importantly, we found that targeting DYRK1A pharmacologically or by shRNA results in a considerable correction of these defects. Overall design: mRNA-seq profiling of iPS cells (4 euploid and 3 trisomy 21) derived from fibroblasts of monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21
Publication Title
Modelling and rescuing neurodevelopmental defect of Down syndrome using induced pluripotent stem cells from monozygotic twins discordant for trisomy 21.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 6 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Down syndrome (DS) results from trisomy of chromosome 21 (HSA21). Some DS phenotypes may be directly or indirectly related to the increased expression of specific HSA21 genes, in particular those encoding transcription factors. The HSA21 encoded Single-minded 2 (SIM2) transcription factor has key neurological functions and is a good candidate to be involved in the cognitive impairment of DS. ChIP-sequencing was used to map SIM2 binding in mouse embryonic stem cells and has revealed 1229 high-confidence SIM2-binding sites. Analysis of the SIM2 target genes confirmed the importance of SIM2 in developmental and neuronal processes and indicated that SIM2 may be a master transcription regulator. Indeed, SIM2 DNA binding sites share sequence specificity and overlapping domains of occupancy with master transcription factors such as SOX2, OCT4, NANOG or KLF4. The association between SIM2 and these pioneer factors is supported by the finding that SIM2 can be co-immunoprecipitated with SOX2, OCT4, NANOG or KLF4. Furthermore, the binding of SIM2 marks a particular sub-category of enhancers known as super-enhancers. These regions are characterized by typical DNA modifications and Mediator co-occupancy (MED1 and MED12). Altogether, we provide evidence that SIM2 binds a specific set of enhancer elements thus explaining how SIM2 can regulate its gene network in DS neuronal features. Overall design: RNA-Seq analysis in Sim2 expressing cells (3 replicates A6, B8, C4) and EB3 control cells (3 replicates)
Publication Title
HSA21 Single-Minded 2 (Sim2) Binding Sites Co-Localize with Super-Enhancers and Pioneer Transcription Factors in Pluripotent Mouse ES Cells.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 2 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Background
Publication Title
STOX1 overexpression in choriocarcinoma cells mimics transcriptional alterations observed in preeclamptic placentas.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 1.0 ST Array (hugene10st)
Description
The exposure to and contamination by Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs), which include pesticides used worldwide and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, is detrimental to human health and diverse ecosystems. Although most mechanistic studies have focused on single compounds, living organisms are exposed to multiple environmental xenobiotics, simultaneously, throughout their lives. The experimental evidence useful for assessing the effects of exposure to pollutant mixtures is scarce. We investigated the effects of exposure to a combination of two POPs, which employ different xenosensors, on global gene expression in a human hepatocyte cell model, HepaRG.
Publication Title
Two persistent organic pollutants which act through different xenosensors (alpha-endosulfan and 2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin) interact in a mixture and downregulate multiple genes involved in human hepatocyte lipid and glucose metabolism.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 15 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)
Description
Study designed to explore the effects of endothelial cell/MSC co-culture on individual gene expression profile of each cell type
Publication Title
Mesenchymal stem cells regulate blood-brain barrier integrity through TIMP3 release after traumatic brain injury.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 14 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 2.0 ST Array (mogene20st)
Description
The intestinal epithelium is continuously renewed by a pool of intestinal stem cells expressing Lgr5. We show that deletion of the key autophagy gene Atg7 affects the survival of Lgr5+ intestinal stem cells. Mechanistically, this involves defective DNA repair, oxidative stress, and altered interactions with the microbiota. This study highlights the importance of autophagy in maintaining the integrity of intestinal stem cells.
Publication Title
Essential role for autophagy protein ATG7 in the maintenance of intestinal stem cell integrity.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 12 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Despite substantial investments, tuberculosis remains one of the biggest challenges in public health.
Publication Title
Synergy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy revealed by a genome-scale analysis of murine tuberculosis.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 51 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Gene 1.0 ST Array (mogene10st)
Description
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are at the basis of the hematopoietic hierarchy. Their ability to self-renew and differentiate is strictly controlled by molecular signals produced by their surrounding micorenvironments composed of stromal cells. HSPCs first emerge in the AGM (Aorta Gonads Mesonephros) region, amplify in the fetal liver (FL) and are maintained in the adult bone marrow (BM). To further characterize the molecular program of the HSPC niches, we have compared the global transcriptome of HSPC-supportive and non/less-supportive stromal clones established from the AGM, FL and BM.
Publication Title
A systems biology approach for defining the molecular framework of the hematopoietic stem cell niche.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 396 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U219 Array (hgu219)
Description
Genome-wide expression analysis of 228 hepatocellular carcinoma and 168 cirrhotic samples as part of a integrated study of gene expression and DNA-methylation de-regulation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Publication Title
DNA methylation-based prognosis and epidrivers in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Specimen part, Disease, Subject
View Samples