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accession-icon SRP067397
Transcriptomic profiling of alpha, beta, and delta cell populations provides new insights into the role of ghrelin in the pancreas
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 15 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HiSeq 2500

Description

Intra-islet crosstalk between islet cells is critical in orchestrating the body’s response to changes in blood glucose levels, but is incompletely understood. In this study, we used transgenic mouse lines that allowed the purification and transcriptomic characterisation of alpha, beta, and delta cells, yielding an RNA-sequencing database that can be searched for regulatory proteins which are differentially expressed between cell types. As an illustrative example, we examined the expression of g-protein coupled receptors, and found that the ghrelin receptor, Ghsr, was highly expressed in delta cells compared to alpha and beta cells. GHSR excitation elicited increases in cytosolic calcium levels in primary delta cells. In the perfused pancreas, the application of ghrelin stimulated somatostatin secretion, correlating with a decrease in insulin and glucagon release, which was sensitive to somatostatin receptor antagonism. These results show that ghrelin acts specifically on delta cells within pancreatic islets to affect blood glucose regulation. Overall design: Examination of transcriptomic profiles obtained from pancreatic alpha, beta and delta cells

Publication Title

Transcriptomic profiling of pancreatic alpha, beta and delta cell populations identifies delta cells as a principal target for ghrelin in mouse islets.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part, Cell line, Subject

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accession-icon GSE6505
Tumor suppression by Interferon regulatory factor-1 relies on down-regulation of cyclin D1
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 6 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Murine Genome U74A Version 2 Array (mgu74av2)

Description

Interferons have been ascribed to mediate antitumor effects. IRF-1 is a major target gene of interferons. It inhibits cell proliferation and oncogenic transformation. Here we show that 60% of all mRNAs deregulated by oncogenic transformation mediated by c-myc and H-ras are reverted to the expression levels of non-transformed cells by IRF-1. These include cell cycle regulating genes. Activation of IRF-1 decreases cyclin D1 expression and CDK4 kinase activity concomitant with dephosphorylation of pRb. These effects of IRF-1 are mediated by inhibition of the MEK-ERK pathway and a transcriptional repression of cyclin D1. IRF-1 mediated effects on cell cycle progression were found to be overridden by ectopic expression of cyclin D1. Ablation of cyclin D1 by RNA interference experiments prevents transformation and tumor growth in nude mice. The data demonstrate that cyclin D1 is a key target for IRF-1 mediated tumor suppressive effects.

Publication Title

Tumor suppression by IFN regulatory factor-1 is mediated by transcriptional down-regulation of cyclin D1.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part

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accession-icon SRP126788
Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals distinct populations of glucagon-like peptide-1 producing cells in the mouse upper small intestine
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 288 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIllumina HiSeq 2500

Description

Enteroendocrine L-cells release hormones that control metabolism and appetite and are targets under investigation for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Understanding L-cell diversity and expression profiles is critical for identifying target receptors that will translate into altered hormone secretion. We performed single cell RNA sequencing of mouse L-cells from the upper small intestine to distinguish cellular populations, revealing that L-cells form 3 major clusters: a group with typical characteristics of classical L-cells, including high expression of Gcg and Pyy; a cell type overlapping with Gip-expressing K-cells; and a unique cluster expressing Tph1 and Pzp that was predominantly located in duodenal villi and co-produced 5HT. Expression of G-protein coupled receptors differed between clusters, suggesting the cell types are differentially regulated, and would be differentially targetable. Our findings support the emerging concept that many enteroendocrine cell populations are highly overlapping, with individual cells producing a range of peptides previously assigned to distinct cell types. Overall design: Single cell RNA sequencing of mouse duodenal L-cells cells

Publication Title

Single-cell RNA-sequencing reveals a distinct population of proglucagon-expressing cells specific to the mouse upper small intestine.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part, Subject

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accession-icon GSE65147
Time course of prion infected (RML) and globular domain ligands (POM1) in cultured organotypic cerebellar slices (COCS)
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 72 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

Cultured organotypic cerebellar slices were exposed for different time points with either prions (RML) versus non-infectious brain homogenate (NBH) or ligands to the globular domain of the prion protein (POM1) vs IgG

Publication Title

Prion infections and anti-PrP antibodies trigger converging neurotoxic pathways.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part, Treatment

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accession-icon GSE31099
Expression data from treatment-induced senescence in mouse Emu-myc B-cell lymphoma model
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 24 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

Treatment induced senescence (TIS) is a terminal cell cycle arrest program, increasingly recognized as a tumor suppressor mechanism complementing apoptosis in response to standard chemotherapy regimens. In particular cells with blocked apoptotic pathways rely on senescence as the only remaining failsafe mechanism to keep the neoplastic growth in check. However, little is known about biological properties, long-term fate of senescent tumor cells and their impact on the microenvironment.

Publication Title

Opposing roles of NF-κB in anti-cancer treatment outcome unveiled by cross-species investigations.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

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accession-icon SRP111129
Primary spinal OPC culture system from adult zebrafish to study oligodendrocyte differentiation in vitro
  • organism-icon Danio rerio
  • sample-icon 30 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge IconIlluminaHiSeq2500

Description

Endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) are a promising target to improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury (SCI) by remyelinating denuded, and therefore vulnerable, axons. Demyelination is the result of a primary insult and secondary injury, leading to conduction blocks and long-term degeneration of the axons, which subsequently can lead to the loss of their neuron. In response to SCI, dormant OPCs can be activated and subsequently start to proliferate and differentiate into mature myelinating oligodendrocytes (OLs). Therefore, researchers strive to control OPC responses, and utilize small molecule screening approaches in order to identify mechanisms of OPC activation, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Overall design: DEG analysis of primary OPC and OL populations, 5 biological replicates per population

Publication Title

Primary Spinal OPC Culture System from Adult Zebrafish to Study Oligodendrocyte Differentiation <i>In Vitro</i>.

Sample Metadata Fields

No sample metadata fields

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accession-icon GSE37901
Mid-gestational gene expression profile in placenta and link to pregnancy complications
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 4 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

Data on the temporal dynamics of human placental gene expression is scarce. We have completed the first whole-genome profiling of human placental gene expression dynamics (GeneChips, Affymetrix) from early to mid- gestation (10 samples; gestational weeks 5 to 18) and report 154 genes with considerable change in transcript levels (FDR P<0.1). Functional enrichment analysis revealed >200 GO categories that are statistically over-represented among 105 genes with dynamically increasing transcript levels. Analysis in an extended sample (n=43; gestational weeks 5 to 41) conformed a highly significant (FDR P<0.05) expressional peak in mid-gestation placenta for ten genes: BMP5, CCNG2, CDH11, FST, GATM, GPR183, ITGBL1, PLAGL1, SLC16A10, STC1. A central hypothesis of our study states that the aberrant expression of genes characteristic to mid-gestation placenta may contribute to affected fetal growth, maternal preeclampsia (PE) or gestational diabetes (GD). The gene STC1 coding for Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) was identified with a sharp placental expressional peak in mid-gestation, increased mRNA levels at term and significantly elevated STC1 protein levels in post-partum maternal plasma in all pregnancy complications. The highest STC1 levels were identified in women, who developed simultaneously PE and delivered an SGA baby (median 731 vs 418 pg/ml in controls; P=0.001). CCNG2 and LYPD6 exhibited significantly increased placental mRNA expression and enhanced intensity of immunohistochemistry staining in placental sections all studied in GD and PE cases. Aberrant expression of mid-gestation specific genes in pregnancy complications at term indicates the importance of the fine-scale tuning of the temporal dynamics of transcription regulation in placenta. Observed significantly elevated plasma STC1 in complicated pregnancies warrants further investigations of its potential as a biomarker. Interestingly, a majority of genes with high expression in mid-gestation placenta have also been implicated in adult complex disease. This observation promotes a recently opened discussion on the role of placenta in developmental programming.

Publication Title

Mid-gestational gene expression profile in placenta and link to pregnancy complications.

Sample Metadata Fields

Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE5949
Comparison between cell lines from 9 different cancer tissue (NCI-60) (U95 platform)
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 299 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U95A Array (hgu95a)

Description

Comparison between cell lines from 9 different cancer tissue of origin types (Breast, Central Nervous System, Colon, Leukemia, Melanoma, Non-Small Cell Lung, Ovarian, Prostate, Renal) from NCI-60 panel

Publication Title

Multifactorial regulation of E-cadherin expression: an integrative study.

Sample Metadata Fields

Sex, Age, Specimen part, Disease, Disease stage, Cell line, Time

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accession-icon GSE42057
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • organism-icon Homo sapiens
  • sample-icon 135 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 Array (hgu133plus2)

Description

Expression data were generated on 136 subjects from the COPDGene study using Affymetrix microarrays. Multiple linear regression with adjustment for covariates (gender, age, body mass index, family history, smoking status, pack years) was used to identify candidate genes and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis was used to identify candidate pathways.

Publication Title

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell gene expression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Sample Metadata Fields

Sex, Specimen part

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accession-icon GSE16048
Expression profiling of pancreatic beta-cells harboring a pancreatic-specific deletion of PPAR-beta
  • organism-icon Mus musculus
  • sample-icon 6 Downloadable Samples
  • Technology Badge Icon Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)

Description

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor beta/delta protects against obesity by reducing dyslipidemia and insulin resistance via effects in various organs, including muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and heart. However, nothing is known about the function of PPAR-beta in pancreas, a prime organ in the control of glucose metabolism. To gain insight into so far hypothetical functions of this PPAR isotype in insulin production, we specifically ablated Ppar-beta in pancreas. The mutated mice developed a chronic hyperinsulinemia, due to an increase in both beta-cell mass and insulin secretion. Gene expression profiling indicated a broad repressive function of PPAR-beta impacting the vesicular compartment, actin cytoskeleton, and metabolism of glucose and fatty acids. Analyses of insulin release from the islets revealed an increased second-phase glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Higher levels of PKD, PKC-delta and diacyglycerol in mutated animals lead to an enhanced formation of trans-Golgi network (TGN)-to-plasma-membrane transport carriers in concert with F-actin disassembly, which resulted in increased insulin secretion and its associated systemic effects. Taken together, these results provide evidence for PPAR-beta playing a repressive role on beta-cell growth and insulin exocytosis, which shed new light on its anti-obesity action.

Publication Title

PPARβ/δ affects pancreatic β cell mass and insulin secretion in mice.

Sample Metadata Fields

Age, Specimen part

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refine.bio is a repository of uniformly processed and normalized, ready-to-use transcriptome data from publicly available sources. refine.bio is a project of the Childhood Cancer Data Lab (CCDL)

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Cite refine.bio

Casey S. Greene, Dongbo Hu, Richard W. W. Jones, Stephanie Liu, David S. Mejia, Rob Patro, Stephen R. Piccolo, Ariel Rodriguez Romero, Hirak Sarkar, Candace L. Savonen, Jaclyn N. Taroni, William E. Vauclain, Deepashree Venkatesh Prasad, Kurt G. Wheeler. refine.bio: a resource of uniformly processed publicly available gene expression datasets.
URL: https://www.refine.bio

Note that the contributor list is in alphabetical order as we prepare a manuscript for submission.

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