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GSE9447
Mus musculus
4 Downloadable Samples
Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
Sialic acids on vertebrate cell surfaces mediate many biological roles. Altered expression of certain sialic acid types or their linkages can have prognostic significance in human cancer. A classic but unexplained example is enhanced 2-6-sialylation on N-glycans, resulting from over-expression of the Golgi enzyme -galactoside:2-6-sialyltransferase (ST6Gal-I). Previous data supporting a role for the resulting Sia2-3Gal1-4GlcNAc (Sia6LacNAc) structure in tumor biology were based on in vitro studies in transfected carcinoma cells, in which increased Sia6LacNAc on 1-integrins enhanced their binding to ligands, and stimulated cell motility. Here we examine for the first time the in vivo role of the ST6Gal-I enzyme in the growth and differentiation of spontaneous mammary cancers in mice transgenic for an MMTV-promoter-driven polyoma-middle-T antigen, a tumor in which beta1-integrin function is important for tumorigenesis, and in maintaining the proliferative state of tumor cells. Tumors induced in St6gal1 null animals were more differentiated in comparison to those in the wild-type background, both by histological analysis and by protein expression profiles. Furthermore, we show the St6gal1 null tumors have selectively altered expression of genes associated with focal adhesion signaling, and have decreased phosphorylation of FAK, a downstream target of 1-integrins. This first in vivo evidence for a role of ST6Gal-I in tumor progression was confirmed using a novel approach, which conditionally restored St6gal1 in cell lines derived from the null tumors. These findings indicate a role for ST6Gal-I as a mediator of tumor progression, with its expression causing a less differentiated phenotype, via enhanced 1-integrin function.
Publication Title
alpha 2-6-Linked sialic acids on N-glycans modulate carcinoma differentiation in vivo.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 268 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 Array (hgu133a2)
Description
The transcriptional responses of human hosts towards influenza viral pathogens are important for understanding virus-mediated immunopathology. Despite great advances gained through studies using model organisms, the complete temporal host transcriptional responses in a natural human system are poorly understood. In a human challenge study using live influenza (H3N2/Wisconsin) viruses, we conducted a clinically uninformed (unsupervised) factor analysis on gene expression profiles and established an ab initio molecular signature that strongly correlates to symptomatic clinical disease. This is followed by the identification of 42 biomarkers whose expression patterns best differentiate early from late phases of infection. In parallel, a clinically informed (supervised) analysis revealed over-stimulation of multiple viral sensing pathways in symptomatic hosts and linked their temporal trajectory with development of diverse clinical signs and symptoms. The resultant inflammatory cytokine profiles were shown to contribute to the pathogenesis because their significant increase preceded disease manifestation by 36 hours. In subclinical asymptomatic hosts, we discovered strong transcriptional regulation of genes involved in inflammasome activation, genes encoding virus interacting proteins, and evidence of active anti-oxidant and cell-mediated innate immune response. Taken together, our findings offer insights into influenza virus-induced pathogenesis and provide a valuable tool for disease monitoring and management in natural environments.
Publication Title
Temporal dynamics of host molecular responses differentiate symptomatic and asymptomatic influenza a infection.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 113 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 Array (hgu133a2)
Description
Diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection is currentlybased on clinical symptoms and pathogen detection. Use of host peripheral blood gene expression data to classify individuals with viral respiratory infection represents a novel means of infection diagnosis.
Publication Title
Gene expression signatures diagnose influenza and other symptomatic respiratory viral infections in humans.
Sample Metadata Fields
Subject, Time
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 647 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A 2.0 Array (hgu133a2)
Description
Diagnosis of influenza A infection is currently based on clinical symptoms and pathogen detection. Use of host peripheral blood gene expression data to classify individuals with influenza A virus infection represents a novel approach to infection diagnosis
Publication Title
A host transcriptional signature for presymptomatic detection of infection in humans exposed to influenza H1N1 or H3N2.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Subject, Time
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 23 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 Array (mouse4302)
Description
A deletion in the CMAH gene in humans occurred approximately 3.5 million years ago. This resulted in the inactivation of the CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase enzyme, and hence, in the specific deficiency in N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a form of sialic acid, in all modern humans. Although there is evidence that this molecular milestone in the origin of humans may have led to the evolution of human-specific pathogens, how deficiency in Neu5Gc might alter progression of non-infectious human diseases remains unanswered. Here, we have investigated cardiac and skeletal muscle gene expression changes in mdx mice, a model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), that do or do not carry the human-like inactivating mutation in the mouse Cmah gene. We have evidence that Neu5Gc-deficiency in humans might explain some of the discrepancies in the disease phenotype between mdx mice and DMD patients.
Publication Title
A human-specific deletion in mouse Cmah increases disease severity in the mdx model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
Sample Metadata Fields
Sex, Age, Specimen part
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 7 Downloadable Samples
Illumina HiSeq 2500, Illumina HiSeq 2000
Description
Regulatory T (Treg) cells suppress the development of inflammatory disease, but our knowledge of transcriptional regulators that control this function remains incomplete. Here we show that expression of Id2 and Id3 in Treg cells was required to suppress development of fatal inflammatory disease. We found that T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-driven signaling initially decreased the abundance of Id3, which led to the activation of a follicular regulatory T (TFR) cell–specific transcription signature. However, sustained lower abundance of Id2 and Id3 interfered with proper development of TFR cells. Depletion of Id2 and Id3 expression in Treg cells resulted in compromised maintenance and localization of the Treg cell population. Thus, Id2 and Id3 enforce TFR cell checkpoints and control the maintenance and homing of Treg cells. Overall design: Treg mRNA profiles in lymph node from 3-week-old Id2fl/flId3fl/fl;Foxp3Cre/Cre (Id2 Id3 double-knockout) and control mice are generated by deep sequencing.
Publication Title
Id2 and Id3 maintain the regulatory T cell pool to suppress inflammatory disease.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 46 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Genome U133A Array (hgu133a)
Description
Preeclampsia (PE), which affects 4-8% of human pregnancies, causes significant maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Within the basal plate, placental cytotrophoblasts (CTBs) of fetal origin invade the uterus and extensively remodel the maternal vasculature. In PE, CTB invasion is often shallow, and vascular remodeling is rudimentary. To better understand possible causes, we conducted a global analysis of gene expression at the maternal-fetal interface in placental samples from women with PE (n = 12; 24-36 wk) vs. samples from women who delivered due to preterm labor with no evidence of infection (n = 11; 24-36 wk), a condition that our previous work showed is associated with normal CTB invasion. Using the HG-U133A&B Affymetrix GeneChip platform, and statistical significance set at log odds-ratio of B >0, 55 genes were differentially expressed in PE. They encoded proteins previously associated with PE [e.g. Flt-1 (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1), leptin, CRH, and inhibin] and novel molecules [e.g. sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin 6 (Siglec-6), a potential leptin receptor, and pappalysin-2 (PAPP-A2), a protease that cleaves IGF-binding proteins]. We used quantitative PCR to validate the expression patterns of a subset of the genes. At the protein level, we confirmed PE-related changes in the expression of Siglec-6 and PAPP-A2, which localized to invasive CTBs and syncytiotrophoblasts. Notably, Siglec-6 placental expression is uniquely human, as is spontaneous PE. The functional significance of these novel observations may provide new insights into the pathogenesis of PE, and assaying the circulating levels of these proteins could have clinical utility for predicting and/or diagnosing PE.
Publication Title
Severe preeclampsia-related changes in gene expression at the maternal-fetal interface include sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-6 and pappalysin-2.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Mus musculus
- 20 Downloadable Samples
- Illumina HiSeq 2500
Description
It is now well established that the E- and Id-protein axis regulates multiple steps in lymphocyte development. However, it remains unknown as to how E- and Id-proteins mechanistically enforce and maintain the naïve T cell fate. Here we show that Id2 and Id3 suppressed the development and expansion of innate-variant TFH cells. Innate-variant TFH cells required MHC Class I-like signalling and were associated with germinal center B cell development. We found that Id2 and Id3 induced Foxo1 and Foxp1 expression to antagonize the activation of TFH transcription signature. We show that Id2 and Id3 acted upstream of the Hif1a/Foxo/AKT/mTORC1 pathway as well as the c-myc/p19Arf module to control cellular expansion and activation. We found that mice depleted for Id2 and Id3 expression developed colitis and aß T cell lymphomas. Lymphomas depleted for Id2 and Id3 expression displayed elevated levels of c-myc whereas p19Arf abundance declined. Transcription signatures of Id2- and Id3-depleted lymphomas revealed similarities with genetic deficiencies associated with Burkitt lymphoma. We propose that in response to antigen receptor and/or cytokine signaling the E-Id protein axis modulates the activities of the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1-Hifa and c-myc/p19Arf pathways to control cellular expansion and homeostatic proliferation. Overall design: RNA-seq data of 5 of wild type CD4SP cells, 3 of wild type Tfh cells, 3 of Id3-/- CD4SP cells, 3 of Id2-/-Id3-/-(dKO) CD4SP cells, and 6 of Id2-/-Id3-/- lymphoma cells.
Publication Title
The E-Id protein axis modulates the activities of the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1-Hif1a and c-myc/p19Arf pathways to suppress innate variant TFH cell development, thymocyte expansion, and lymphomagenesis.
Sample Metadata Fields
No sample metadata fields
View Samples- Hordeum vulgare
- 35 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Barley Genome Array (barley1)
Description
Drought tolerance is a key trait for increasing and stabilizing barley productivity in dry areas worldwide. Identification of the genes responsible for drought tolerance in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) will facilitate understanding of the molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance, and also genetic improvement of barley through marker-assisted selection or gene transformation. To monitor the changes in gene expression at transcription levels in barley leaves during the reproductive stage under drought conditions, the 22K Affymetrix Barley 1 microarray was used to screen two drought-tolerant barley genotypes, Martin and Hordeum spontaneum 41-1 (HS41-1), and one drought-sensitive genotype Moroc9-75. Seventeen genes were expressed exclusively in the two drought-tolerant genotypes under drought stress, and their encoded proteins may play significant roles in enhancing drought tolerance through controlling stomatal closure via carbon metabolism (NADP malic enzyme (NADP-ME) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), synthesizing the osmoprotectant glycine-betaine (C-4 sterol methyl oxidase (CSMO), generating protectants against reactive-oxygen-species scavenging (aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), ascorbate-dependant oxidoreductase (ADOR), and stabilizing membranes and proteins (heat-shock protein 17.8 (HSP17.8) and dehydrin 3 (DHN3). Moreover, 17 genes were abundantly expressed in Martin and HS41-1 compared with Moroc9-75 under both drought and control conditions. These genes were likely constitutively expressed in drought-tolerant genotypes. Among them, 7 known annotated genes might enhance drought tolerance through signaling (such as calcium-dependent protein kinase (CDPK) and membrane steroid binding protein (MSBP), anti-senescence (G2 pea dark accumulated protein GDA2) and detoxification (glutathione S-transferase (GST) pathways. In addition, 18 genes, including those encoding l-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS), protein phosphatase 2C-like protein (PP2C) and several chaperones, were differentially expressed in all genotypes under drought; thus, they were more likely general drought-responsive genes in barley. These results could provide new insights into further understanding of drought-tolerance mechanisms in barley.
Publication Title
Differentially expressed genes between drought-tolerant and drought-sensitive barley genotypes in response to drought stress during the reproductive stage.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Treatment
View Samples- Homo sapiens
- 2 Downloadable Samples
- Affymetrix Human Gene 2.0 ST Array (hugene20st)
Description
In this study we investigated the changes in mRNA expression upon treatment of SH-SY5Y cells to 10M cisplatin for 72h.
Publication Title
Calcium-regulatory proteins as modulators of chemotherapy in human neuroblastoma.
Sample Metadata Fields
Specimen part, Cell line, Treatment
View Samples